Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, affects millions of people every year. With symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe discomfort, understanding when hay fever season starts and how to manage it can help sufferers better prepare for the months ahead.
What is hay fever?
Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen, a fine powder released by plants as part of their reproductive process. When people with hay fever come into contact with pollen, their immune systems overreact, triggering a range of unpleasant symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of hay fever
The symptoms of hay fever can vary in severity, but often include:
- Sneezing and a runny or blocked nose
- Itchy, red, or watery eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
- Itchy throat, mouth, nose, or ears
- Coughing
- Fatigue and feeling generally unwell
- Headaches and sinus pain in severe cases
These symptoms can significantly affect daily activities and sleep quality.
Types of pollen and their seasons
Hay fever symptoms are caused by different types of pollen. The timing of hay fever season depends on the type of pollen a person is allergic to:
Tree pollen
- Season: Mid-March to mid-May
- Common trees that release pollen include birch, oak, and pine.
Grass pollen
- Season: Mid-May to July
- Grass pollen is the most common cause of hay fever.
Weed pollen
- Season: Late June to September
- Weeds such as nettles and dock plants release pollen later in the season.
When do hay fever symptoms start?
The start of hay fever season depends on the type of pollen a person is allergic to. For some, symptoms may begin as early as late February, and last until September. People with multiple pollen allergies may experience symptoms throughout the spring and summer months.
Treatment options
Managing hay fever involves a combination of prevention strategies and treatments to alleviate symptoms. Below are several options, including recommendations aligned with NHS guidelines:
-
Over-the-counter medications
- Antihistamines: These are often the first line of treatment for hay fever. They block the action of histamine, the chemical responsible for allergy symptoms. Options include tablets, nasal sprays, and eye drops.
- Decongestants: These can help relieve a blocked nose but should not be used for more than a few days.
-
Prescription medications
If over-the-counter options are insufficient, a GP may prescribe:
- Steroid nasal sprays: These reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.
- Stronger antihistamines: For more severe symptoms.
-
Natural remedies
Some people find relief using:
- Nasal saline rinses: These can help flush out pollen from the nasal passages.
- Local honey: While evidence is limited, some believe consuming local honey helps build a tolerance to local pollen.
-
Lifestyle adjustments
Minimising exposure to pollen is key:
- Stay indoors during high pollen counts: Check local forecasts and avoid going outside during peak times.
- Keep windows closed: Particularly in the morning and evening when pollen levels are highest.
- Shower and change clothes: After being outdoors to remove pollen from your body.
- Use air purifiers: Air filters can help reduce indoor pollen levels.
-
Immunotherapy
For severe cases, immunotherapy (desensitisation) may be recommended. This involves exposing the immune system to small amounts of pollen over time to build tolerance. It is typically administered via injections or tablets.
What is the pollen count today?
To keep an eye on the pollen count, visit the Met Office’s pollen forecast, which begins in March.
NHS guidelines on managing hay fever
The NHS advises:
- Taking antihistamines early, before symptoms become severe.
- Using steroid nasal sprays for persistent symptoms.
- Avoiding known triggers and monitoring pollen forecasts.
- Seeking medical advice if symptoms are unmanageable or impact daily life significantly.
By understanding the types of pollen and the timing of hay fever season, sufferers can better prepare and manage their symptoms. Whether through over-the-counter remedies, lifestyle changes, or medical treatments, there are many ways to enjoy the warmer months with minimal discomfort. If you are experiencing severe symptoms and it is impacting your daily life, please speak to your GP.
