Weight loss injections have emerged as a significant tool in addressing obesity, offering new avenues for people struggling to lose weight through traditional methods. In the UK, several weight loss jabs are now available, each with distinct mechanisms and considerations.
Types of weight loss injections in the UK
- Semaglutide (Wegovy): Approved for NHS use in September 2023, semaglutide is administered weekly and mimics the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) hormone, which regulates appetite. Clinical trials have demonstrated an average weight loss of approximately 15% over 15 months when combined with lifestyle interventions.
- Liraglutide (Saxenda): This daily injection also targets the GLP-1 receptor to suppress appetite. While effective, studies indicate that semaglutide may result in greater weight loss compared to liraglutide.
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro): Originally developed for type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide has shown promise in weight management and is anticipated to be available on the NHS soon.
Eligibility and NHS availability
Access to these medications on the NHS is typically restricted to people with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher, or 32.5 for certain ethnic groups, accompanied by weight-related health conditions such as hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Prescriptions for weight loss jabs require referral to a specialist weight management service, as GPs cannot currently prescribe these treatments directly.
Pros of weight loss jabs
- Effective weight loss: Clinical studies have shown significant weight reduction, which can lead to improvements in obesity-related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
- Preventative healthcare: Several pre-diabetic patients have reportedly been able to lose weight prior to reaching a diabetes diagnosis, through combining weight loss jabs, a balanced diet and exercise.
- Convenience: Self-administered injections offer a manageable option for people seeking medical assistance in weight loss. Many patients may have exhausted all other methods of attempted weight loss without success.
Cons and considerations
- Side effects: Common adverse side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, heartburn, fatigue, and abdominal pain. There are also concerns about more severe risks such as pancreatitis and gastroparesis.
- Not suitable for everyone: People with a history of eating disorders may experience exacerbation of symptoms. The National Eating Disorders Association warns that weight loss injections and similar medications can trigger or worsen disordered eating behaviours.
- Misuse and quick-fix mentality: There is a potential for misuse among people seeking rapid weight loss without medical necessity, leading to harmful health outcomes.
Impact on the obesity crisis
The introduction of weight loss injections on the NHS could play a pivotal role in combating the obesity crisis in the UK by providing effective treatment options. However, it is crucial to ensure these medications are prescribed appropriately and used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications to maintain long-term health benefits.
NHS guidelines on healthy weight management
The NHS emphasises a holistic approach to weight loss, advocating for a balanced diet and regular physical activity as foundational strategies. Weight loss injections are considered additions to, not replacements for, these lifestyle changes.
Safe weight management
Weight loss injections offer promising benefits for people struggling with obesity, but they are not without risks. Proper patient selection, adherence to medical guidance, and a commitment to lifestyle changes are essential to maximise benefits and minimise potential harms. If you are looking to lose weight, please speak to your GP to create a well-informed plan based on your individual health requirements.
