Summer in the UK is often a welcome change – longer days, warmer weather, and a chance to enjoy the outdoors. However, the warmer months can also bring a range of common summer illnesses. While summer is often associated with better health due to increased sunlight and outdoor activity, certain health conditions tend to spike during this time. Knowing what to look out for can help you stay healthy and enjoy the best of the season.
Here are five of the most common summer illnesses in the UK, along with their symptoms and guidance on what to do if you become unwell.
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Hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis)
What it is: Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen, particularly from grass, trees, and weeds, which are prevalent during the summer months.
Symptoms:
- Sneezing and coughing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy, red, or watery eyes
- Itchy throat, mouth, nose, and ears
- Loss of smell
- Headaches and earaches
- Fatigue
What to do:
The NHS recommends using over-the-counter antihistamines to relieve symptoms. Nasal sprays and eye drops can also help. Keep windows closed during high pollen days, especially early morning and evening, and shower after being outside to remove pollen from skin and hair. For persistent symptoms, consult a pharmacist or GP.
More info: NHS Hay Fever Guide
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Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
What it is: These are heat-related illnesses caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, particularly during heatwaves.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion:
- Headache
- Dizziness and confusion
- Loss of appetite and feeling sick
- Excessive sweating and pale, clammy skin
- Cramps in arms, legs, or stomach
- Fast breathing or pulse
- High temperature (38°C or above)
- Feeling very thirsty
Symptoms of heatstroke (more severe):
- Not sweating, even if hot
- Very high temperature (40°C or more)
- Hot, dry skin
- Confusion or seizures
- Loss of consciousness
What to do:
For heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, lie down, and drink plenty of water or an electrolyte-containing drink. Cool the body with damp cloths or a fan. If symptoms don’t improve within 30 minutes or worsen, it could be heatstroke, which is a medical emergency. Call 999 immediately.
More info: NHS Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke Guide
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Food poisoning
What it is: Summer is barbecue season in the UK, and warm weather can lead to the rapid growth of bacteria in food that is not stored or cooked properly.
Symptoms:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Stomach cramps
- Fever
What to do:
Most cases resolve on their own within a few days. Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids; oral rehydration salts can help if diarrhoea is severe. Avoid solid foods until vomiting stops. If symptoms last more than three days, or you notice blood in your stools, seek medical advice.
More info: NHS Food Poisoning Guide
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Insect bites and stings
What it is: Bees, wasps, mosquitoes, midges, and ticks become more active in summer. Bites and stings are usually minor but can occasionally cause allergic reactions or infections.
Symptoms:
- Redness and swelling around the bite
- Itching or pain
- In rare cases: difficulty breathing, dizziness, or swelling of the face or throat (anaphylaxis)
What to do:
Clean the area with soap and water. Apply a cold compress and consider using an antihistamine to reduce itching and swelling. Avoid scratching to prevent infection. If you suspect an allergic reaction or have been bitten by a tick and develop a bullseye rash, seek medical advice immediately.
More info: NHS Insect Bites and Stings Guide
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Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa)
What it is: Swimmer’s ear is an infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by trapped water after swimming in pools or the sea.
Symptoms:
- Ear pain, especially when moving the ear
- Itchiness in the ear canal
- Discharge from the ear
- Redness or swelling
- Muffled hearing
What to do:
Keep the ear dry and avoid inserting anything into it. Use over-the-counter ear drops specifically for swimmer’s ear, or consult a GP if symptoms persist or worsen. In some cases, prescription antibiotic ear drops may be needed.
More info: NHS Otitis Externa Guide
Final tips for staying healthy this summer
- Stay hydrated: Drink water regularly, especially during hot days.
- Practice good hygiene: Wash hands before eating and after being outdoors.
- Be sun smart: Use sunscreen, wear a hat, and avoid peak sun hours.
- Keep cool: Avoid strenuous activity in the hottest parts of the day and seek shade when necessary.
While summer is a time for fun and relaxation, it’s important to stay mindful of seasonal health risks. Most summer illnesses can be managed at home with proper care, but always seek medical advice if you’re unsure or if symptoms are severe. By being aware and taking preventive steps, you can enjoy a safe, healthy summer in the UK.
