Glycerol, also known as glycerin, is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol present in various fats and oils. It is a colourless, odourless, and sweet-tasting liquid widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, due to its moisturising and sweetening properties.
Uses of glycerol
In the food industry, glycerol serves as a humectant, solvent, and sweetener. It’s commonly found in products such as baked goods, sweets, and beverages to help retain moisture and enhance sweetness. In pharmaceuticals, glycerol is used in cough syrups and elixirs for its soothing properties. Cosmetically, it’s a key ingredient in skin care products, soaps, and lotions, due to its ability to maintain skin hydration.
Recommended consumption for children and adults
Glycerol is generally recognised as safe when consumed in typical dietary amounts. However, there are no specific dietary guidelines for glycerol intake in children or adults. It’s important to note that excessive consumption can lead to adverse effects, and products containing glycerol should be consumed in moderation.
Potential adverse reactions and side effects
While glycerol is considered safe for most people, excessive intake can cause side effects such as headaches, dizziness, bloating, nausea, and diarrhoea. In some cases, high or fast consumption may lead to glycerol intoxication, characterised by symptoms such as hypoglycaemia and loss of consciousness.
Recent reports have raised concerns about children experiencing adverse reactions after consuming slushie drinks containing glycerol. Over the past six years, 21 children in the UK and Ireland have been hospitalised with symptoms such as unconsciousness, headaches, and low blood sugar, following the consumption of these beverages. The affected children were predominantly around three and a half years old.
Researchers from University College Dublin have recommended that children under eight should avoid these drinks due to health risks. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) already advises against slushies with glycerol for children under four. The increase in cases may be linked to manufacturers replacing sugar with glycerol, possibly in response to sugar taxes.
Why is glycerol used to replace sugar?
Glycerol is sometimes used as a sugar substitute because it provides sweetness with fewer calories and has a lower glycaemic index, making it a favourable option for reducing sugar content in products. Additionally, its humectant properties help maintain moisture and improve texture in food and beverages.
Parents looking for low-sugar alternatives can consider the following options:
- Fresh fruits: Naturally sweet and rich in essential nutrients.
- Yogurt with no added sugar: Provides probiotics and can be sweetened naturally with fruits.
- Homemade smoothies: Blend vegetables and fruits for a nutritious treat without added sugars.
- Whole grain snacks: Items like whole grain crackers or cereals with no added sugars.
Children’s health in the UK
Childhood obesity remains a significant concern in the UK. According to recent statistics, approximately one in five children aged 10 to 11 are classified as obese. This underscores the importance of promoting healthy eating habits and limiting the intake of high-sugar foods and beverages.
The NHS provides guidelines to ensure a balanced diet for children:
- Daily sugar intake: Children aged 4 to 6 should have no more than 19 grams (5 teaspoons) of free sugars per day; those aged 7 to 10 should limit to 24 grams (6 teaspoons).
- Foods to consume frequently: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products.
- Foods to consume sparingly: Sugary drinks, sweets, chocolates, cakes, and biscuits.
While glycerol is widely used in various industries and generally considered safe, moderation is key, especially for children. Parents should be vigilant about the potential risks associated with glycerol-containing products and opt for healthier, low-sugar alternatives, to protect their children from potential adverse effects.
