As you may have seen in the news in recent months, the UK has been experiencing a worrying rise in cases of E. coli infection. As of mid-2024, there have been over 600 reported cases, which is a significant increase in comparison to previous years. Here, we look at what E. Coli is, how people contract it, symptoms of E. Coli infection and the treatment options available to you.
Understanding E. Coli
Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a type of bacteria that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. While most strains are harmless, some can cause severe foodborne illness. E. coli infections can occur when people consume contaminated food or water, or come into contact with animals or their environment.
How people contract E. Coli
The bacteria can spread through:
- Undercooked or contaminated mince beef: E. coli often resides in the intestines of cattle, and improper cooking can leave the bacteria in the meat.
- Raw milk: Unpasteurised milk can carry E. coli from cows.
- Fresh produce: Vegetables and fruits can become contaminated through improper handling, or fertilisation with contaminated manure.
- Contaminated water: Drinking or swimming in water contaminated with faeces can lead to infection.
- Person-to-person contact: Poor hygiene practices, particularly not washing your hands after using the bathroom, can facilitate the spread of E. coli.
Symptoms of E. Coli infection
The symptoms usually appear 3 to 4 days after exposure, and can include:
- Severe stomach cramps
- Diarrhoea, which can be sometimes bloody
- Vomiting
- Fever
For most people, the illness resolves itself within a week. However, certain strains of E. coli can lead to serious complications, particularly in young children and the elderly.
Impact on the kidneys
One of the most severe complications is Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS), which affects the kidneys. HUS can occur when the bacterial toxins enter the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells, leading to kidney failure. Symptoms of HUS include:
- Decreased frequency of urination
- Fatigue
- Pale skin tone
HUS requires immediate medical attention, and often hospitalisation until your symptoms stabilise.
E. Coli treatment options
There is no specific treatment for E. coli infections, and antibiotics are not recommended as they can worsen symptoms. Key treatment strategies include:
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhoea and vomiting.
- Rest: Allowing the body to fight off the infection.
- Medical attention: In severe cases, especially if symptoms of HUS appear, hospitalisation may be necessary for supportive care such as intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, or dialysis for kidney failure.
E. Coli prevention tips
Preventing E. coli infection involves several practical steps:
- Cook meat thoroughly: Ensure mince beef reaches an internal temperature of at least 71°C.
- Avoid raw milk: Drink only pasteurised milk and dairy products.
- Wash food: Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water before eating.
- Practice good hygiene: Wash hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing nappies, and before preparing or eating food.
- Stay informed: Pay attention to public health information regarding food recalls or outbreaks.
What to do if you or your child have symptoms
If you suspect an E. coli infection:
- Seek medical advice: Contact your GP, or ring NHS 111, if severe symptoms occur.
- Hydrate: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
- Monitor symptoms: Keep track of any worsening symptoms, especially signs of HUS.
- Avoid anti-diarrhoea medications: These can slow down the elimination of the bacteria from your system.
- Stay at home: Prevent spreading the infection to others.
Protect yourself
The rise in E. coli cases in the UK is a serious public health concern. By understanding how the infection spreads, recognising symptoms, and knowing prevention and treatment strategies, we can protect ourselves and our loved ones. Stay vigilant, practice good hygiene, and seek medical help if needed. If you are unable to secure an appointment with your GP, there are several other options available for you to access care. Read our blog, What to Do If You Can’t Get a GP Appointment, for more information,
References
- BBC News. (2024). “E. Coli Cases Rise in the UK: Public Health Officials Concerned.” BBC.
- The Guardian. (2024). “Spike in E. Coli Infections in the UK: What You Need to Know.” The Guardian.
